The traceroute mpls ldp and the traceroute
mpls rsvp commands are used to trace the route to a remote host
for an MPLS-label switched path signaled by LDP and RSVP respectively.
Both these commands have some command options specific to them that
are not available in the parent traceroute command.The syntax of the traceroute mpls ldp command is:
- traceroute mpls <ldp> fec
- <destination>
- <detail>
- <exp>
- <fanout>
- <logical-system>
- <no-resolve>
- <paths>
- <retries>
- <routing-instance>
- <source>
- <ttl>
- <update>
- <wait>
The following options are specific to the traceroute
mpls ldp command:
fec — Specify the IP address and optional prefix of FEC.destination — (Optional) Specify the destination address to use when sending
probes.detail — (Optional) Display detailed output.exp — (Optional) Specify the class-of-service to use when sending
probes. The range of values is 0 through 7. The
default value is 7.fanout — (Optional) Specify the maximum number of nexthops to search
per node. The range of values is 1 through 16. The
default value is 16.paths — (Optional) Specify the number of paths to search. The range
of values is 1 through 255. The default value is 16.retries — (Optional) Specify the number of times to resend probe. values.
The range of values is 1 through 9. The default
value is 3.
The syntax of the traceroute mpls rsvp command is:
- traceroute mpls <rsvp> lsp-name
- <detail>
- <exp>
- <logical-system>
- <no-resolve>
- <retries>
- <source>
The following options are specific to the traceroute
mpls rsvp command:
lsp-name — Specify the name of the LSP to be traced.detail — (Optional) Display detailed output.exp — (Optional) Specify the class-of-service to use when sending
probes. The range of values is 0 through 7. The
default value is 7.retries — (Optional) Specify the number of times to resend probe. The
range of values is 1 through 9. The default value
is 3.
For a description of the other common command
options, see the documentation for the parent traceroute command.
[System Basics Command Reference]
The “Configuring the Authentication
Order” topic has been revised to address some issues. [System Basics]. The following is the revised content:
Configuring the Authentication Order—Using the authentication-order statement, you can prioritize the order
in which the JUNOS software tries the different authentication methods
when verifying user access to a router.
To configure the authentication order, include the authentication-order statement at the [edit system] hierarchy level:
- [edit system]
- authentication-order [authentication-methods ];
Specify one or more of the following authentication
methods in the preferred order, from first tried to last tried:
-
radius—Verify the user using RADIUS authentication
services
-
tacplus—Verify the user using TACACS+ authentication
services.
-
password—Verify the user using the username
and password configured locally by including the authentication statement
at the [edit system login user] hierarchy level.
For each login attempt, the JUNOS software tries the
configured authentication methods in order until the password is accepted.
If the username and password are accepted, the login attempt succeeds
and no other authentication methods are tried. The next method in
the authentication order is consulted if the previous authentication
method fails to respond OR if the method returns a reject response
to the login attempt due to an incorrect username or password.
If none of the configured authentication methods accept the
login credentials and if a reject response is received, the login
attempt fails. If no response is received from any configured authentication
method, the JUNOS software consults local password authentication
as a last resort.
Using RADIUS or TACACS+ Authentication—You can
configure the JUNOS software to be both a RADIUS or TACACS+ authentication
client.
If an authentication method included in the [authentication-order] statement is not available, or if the authentication is available
but returns a reject response, the JUNOS software tries the next authentication
method included in the authentication-order statement.
The RADIUS or TACACS+ server authentication might fail because
of the following reasons:
- The authentication method is configured, but the corresponding
authentication servers are not configured. For instance, the radius
and tacplus authentication methods are included in the authentication-order statement, but the corresponding RADIUS or TACACS+ servers are not
configured at the respective [edit system radius-server] and [edit system tacplus-server] hierarchy levels.
- The RADIUS or TACACS+ server does not respond within the
timeout period configured at the [edit system radius-server] or [edit system tacplus-server] hierarchy levels.
- The RADIUS or TACACS+ server is not reachable due to a
network problem.
The RADIUS or TACACS+ server authentication might return
a reject response because of the following reasons:
- The user profiles of users accessing a router might not
be configured on the RADIUS or TACACS+ server.
- The user enters incorrect logon credentials.
Using Local Password Authentication—You
can explicitly configure the password authentication method or use
this method as a fallback mechanism when remote authentication servers
fail. The password authentication method consults the local user profiles
configured at the [edit system login] hierarchy level. Users
can log in to a router using their local user name and password in
the following scenarios:
- The password authentication method (password) is explicitly
configured as one of the authentication methods in the [authentication-order authentication-methods] statement. In this case,
the password authentication is consulted if no previous authentication
accepts the logon credentials. This is true whether the previous authentication
method fails to respond or returns a reject response due to an incorrect
username or password.
- The password authentication method is not explicitly configured
as one of the authentication methods in the [authentication-order authentication-methods] statement. In this case,
the password authentication method is consulted only if all configured
authentication methods fail to respond. It is not consulted if any
configured authentication method returns a reject response due to
an incorrect username or password.
Order of Authentication Attempts—The following
table describes how the authentication-order statement at
the [edit system] hierarchy level determines the procedure
that the JUNOS software uses to authenticate users for access to a
routing platform:
Table 1: Order of Authentication
Attempts
|
Syntax
|
Order of Authentication Attempts
|
|
authentication-order radius;
|
- Try configured RADIUS authentication servers.
- If RADIUS server is available and authentication
is accepted, grant access.
- If RADIUS server is available but authentication
is rejected, deny access.
- If RADIUS servers are not available, try password
authentication.
Note:
If a RADIUS server is available, password authentication is
not attempted, because it is not explicitly configured in the authentication
order.
|
|
authentication-order [ radius password ];
|
- Try configured RADIUS authentication servers.
- If RADIUS servers fail to respond or return a reject
response, try password authentication, because it is explicitly configured
in the authentication order.
|
|
authentication-order [ radius tacplus ];
|
- Try configured RADIUS authentication servers.
- If RADIUS server is available and authentication
is accepted, grant access.
- If RADIUS servers fail to respond or return a reject
response, try configured TACACS+ servers.
- If TACACS+ server is available and authentication
is accepted, grant access.
- If TACACS+ server is available but authentication
is rejected, deny access.
- If both RADIUS and TACACS+ servers are not available,
try password authentication.
Note:
If either RADIUS or TACACS+ servers are available, password
authentication is not attempted, because it is not explicitly configured
in the authentication order.
|
|
authentication-order [ radius tacplus password ];
|
- Try configured RADIUS authentication servers.
- If RADIUS server is available and authentication
is accepted, grant access.
- If RADIUS servers fail to respond or return a reject
response, try configured TACACS+ servers.
- If TACACS+ server is available and authentication
is accepted, grant access.
- If TACACS+ servers fail to respond or return a
reject response, try password authentication, because it is explicitly
configured in the authentication order.
|
|
authentication-order tacplus;
|
- Try configured TACACS+ authentication servers.
- If TACACS+ server is available and authentication
is accepted, grant access.
- If TACACS+ server is available but authentication
is rejected, deny access.
- If TACACS+ servers are not available, try password
authentication.
Note:
If a TACACS+ server is available, password authentication is
not attempted, because it is not explicitly configured in the authentication
order.
|
|
authentication-order [ tacplus password ];
|
- Try configured TACACS+ authentication servers.
- If TACACS+ servers fail to respond or return a
reject response, try password authentication, because it is explicitly
configured in the authentication order.
|
|
authentication-order [ tacplus radius ];
|
- Try configured TACACS+ authentication servers.
- If TACACS+ server is available and authentication
is accepted, grant access.
- If TACACS+ servers fail to respond or return a
reject response try configured RADIUS servers.
- If RADIUS server is available and authentication
is accepted, grant access.
- If RADIUS server is available but authentication
is rejected, deny access.
- If both TACACS+ and RADIUS servers are not available,
try password authentication.
Note:
If either TACACS+ or RADIUS servers are available, password
authentication is not attempted, because it is not explicitly configured
in the authentication order.
|
|
authentication-order [ tacplus radius password ];
|
- Try configured TACACS+ authentication servers.
- If TACACS+ server is available and authentication
is accepted, grant access.
- If TACACS+ servers fail to respond or return a
reject response try configured RADIUS servers.
- If RADIUS server is available and authentication
is accepted, grant access.
- If RADIUS servers fail to respond or return a reject
response try password authentication, because it is explicitly configured
in the authentication order.
|
|
authentication-order password;
|
- Try to authenticate the user, using the password
configured at the [edit system login] hierarchy level.
- If the authentication is accepted, grant access.
- If the authentication is rejected, deny access.
|